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범죄 현장 수사를 위한 휴대용 XRF 및 XRD


Overview

For years crime scene evidence has been analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and diffraction (XRD) technologies, as well as other analytical techniques, to support the prosecution of criminals. Qualitative and quantitative analyses can be of equal importance in gathering this evidence. Most crime scene scientific analysis are limited to laboratory work. As a result, the integrity of the evidence must be maintained while it is transported to a lab and then analyzed, always following the chain of custody.

Portable XRF and XRD are critical for field investigations of crime scenes. Portable XRF aids in the identification of clandestine methamphetamine drug labs; counterfeit supplements and tobacco; bullets, casings, fragments and gunshot residue; incinerated human bone and dental fragments; and human remains soil transfer. Portable XRD aids in the identification of counterfeit pharmaceuticals; explosives, fusing materials and accelerants and other hazardous materials.

Today, Crime Scene Investigators can analyze evidence on the spot without transporting, altering, or damaging the evidence by using portable XRF and XRD from Olympus. These investigative tools provide the performance, portability and versatility required for on-the-spot crime scene investigations to help prove findings in a court of law.


On-the-Spot Proof: ID of Phosphorus and Iodine at "Kitchen Clan Labs"

Two "proof" ingredients that identify "Kitchen Clan Labs" are the red phosphorus and iodine used in the manufacturing process. These two elements are critical to the production of methamphetamines and are typically found in the residue of coffee filters - or in the colorful stains on the walls where open container vaporization or "cooking" have occurred. An investigator can state that these elements are present because they can see them. However, conclusive, scientific data is needed to prove it. The DELTA Handheld XRF is capable of identifying phosphorus at levels as low as 500 parts per million (PPM) and iodine at levels as low as 20 PPM, both well within the concetrations used by methamphetamine production.
 

Smoking Gun? On-the-Spot ID of Pb, Cu, Sb, Ba and More

One of the first recordings of the actual use of gunpowder in Europe was in Seville during the 11th Century. By the 1300s, cannons and handguns were known throughout Europe.

The manufacture of guns, gunpowder, bullets and casings has advanced over the years and their use continues to increase with the growth in population and availability of guns.

When an investigator is called to the scene where a gun has been fired, a myriad of techniques and procedures are utilized to follow each bullet's path and determine its source.

Delta Handheld XRF results screen

Elemental analysis is needed to identify and compare the composition of the projectile lead, copper/zinc jacket alloys, other metals and gunshot residue (GSR). Analysis of the controlled and uncontrolled trace elements in the lead can help trace the bullet manufacturer. Only a few copper/zinc alloys are used to manufacture all bullet jackets, but their analysis can still help to differentiate the manufacturer. Alloy sorting of other metals, such as copper wire, steel and aluminum, used by manufacturers for specific end-use properties can also help determine the source of a bullet.

The discharge of a firearm causes vaporous and particulate materials, gunshot residue (GSR), to be expelled. Barium, antimony and lead are the major elemental ingredients of most cartridge primer mixtures. GSR can be found on people, clothing, walls, floors, glass, carpet or any other material in the area surrounding the discharge of a firearm, thus determining a bullet's path.

Lead, copper, barium, antimony and other elements are very simple to analyze with handheld XRF analyzers. Detection limits for these elements are at the low PPM level.

bones

Identification through Human Bone and Dental Fragments

Portable XRF is used by forensic anthropologists to identify human bone and dental fragments for strontium (Sr) ratios, an indicator of the origin and final location of a human. It has been used to help in the identification of incinerated victims by analyzing unique dental filler materials left behind. Portable XRF is also used to identify foreign metallic objects in skeletal remains.


 

Terra Portable onsite testingExplosives, Fusing Materials & Accelerants ID

The TERRA Portable XRD rapidly identifies dangerous hazardous materials on-site. It is used to ID and quantify suspected HAZMAT's including azide's PETN; black powder's KClO3, KClO4 and KNO3; flash powder's KClO3; and cascandite.






Terra Portable sample chamber

Screen for Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals

XRD tests for the presence and quantity of active and inactive, foreign or substitute pharmaceutical ingredients. The TERRA Portable XRD performs fast, non-destructive fingerprinting of drug formulations and precursors. XRD screening helps to ensure patient safety and safeguards legitimate pharmaceutical manufacturers' products and branding.



 

Olympus IMS

이 애플리케이션에 사용되는 제품
Mg에서 U까지, PPM에서 100%까지의 원소 분석을 위한 DELTA 연구 및 발견 휴대용 XRF 분석기. 시간을 엄수해야 하고 재료를 운반, 손상 또는 변경시킬 수 없을 때 즉각적인 결과를 얻기 위해 현장에서 25개 이상의 원소를 분석하십시오. 새로운 수준의 발견을 위한 보정 모델, 다중 스펙트럼 보기, PC 및 부속품 옵션.
실리콘 드리프트 검출기(SDD)와 4W 최적화된 X선 튜브를 결합한 DELTA 프로페셔널은 속도, LOD 및 원소 범위에서 뛰어난 성능을 제공합니다. 합금 및 광업에 대해 Mg 등을 분석합니다. DELTA 프로페셔널은 Olympus의 휴대용 XRF를 위한 최고의 가치를 지닌 솔루션입니다.
TERRA™ II XRD 분석기는 휴대용 정량 광물학을 제공합니다. 최대 6시간의 배터리 수명과 견고하고 비바람을 견디는 케이스를 갖춘 이 시스템은 주요 구성품과 부속 구성품을 신속하게 현장 분석하도록 설계됐습니다.
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